Strength And Weaknesses Of Health Care Systems Essay

For over 50 years, the OECD has shown the strength and weaknesses of health care systems in developed and developing countries with the prospects of encouraging economic growth, prosperity and, sustainable development. The past decade, the United States trend highlight that their healthcare system is the most expensive yet ranks well below other counties within the OECD. With recent OECD studies comparing the US to other developed countries like Switzerland, the UK, France, Germany, Sweden and, four others with their unique health systems the US ranks last in most categories. With the comparative studies focused on quality, access, efficiency, equity and, healthy lives, the US must identify and adopt a health system that works best to care for the American population as others in the international communities. One country in particular that offers a good care model for the US to adopt is likely the United Kingdom’s government provided single payer systems, whereas the US healt h care is a federally funded service (source, 2016). Including the UK’s National Healthcare Service (NHS), that sets quality standards. The NHS works like (p. 25), where everyone pays in, and everyone has access to care. Comparing the US and the UK closely, we will see how well each country s medical care system performs and the impact it has on each of its citizens. To determine a country’s health status it is important to gauge how the county covers the cost of health care. The quality of patientShow MoreRelatedThe Strength and Weaknesses of Health Care Systems in Germany and the United States.739 Words   |  3 PagesWhat makes a health care system good? There is no such thing as a perfect system, but already some countries are pretty close. In this essay I will be writing about two of the leadings countries in health care, Germany and the United States . Given the complicated nature of the systems, I will narrow it down to the strength and weaknesses of both countries. In 1883, the first health care plan for Germany was created. The government was so impressed that it used this asRead MoreAmericas Healthcare: Change...But How? Essay843 Words   |  4 PagesThe idea of reforming the nation’s health care system was introduced as far back as the early 90’s. During this time ideas were created but action was never taken. In 2008 the idea that health care reform could actually happen, became a reality. After eight years under a predominantly republican run government, the Democratic Party once again became the majority. In addition to being the majority party in the House of Representatives and the Senate, a democratic president was elected to office. Read MorePhysician, Healthy Industry : Why Our Health Care Industry Should Not Be Run As A Business958 Words   |  4 Pages This week’s article by Liz Welch titled, Physician, Healthy Industry discusses why our health care industry should not be run as a business. The doctor interviewed by Welch is a Boston-based physician, Dr. Rushika Fernan dopulle who runs a company called Iora. He addresses the primary care experience including the coding, billing, and copays in our current health care industry. His argument is that the system should not make a physician do what they do not want to do. He states, â€Å"I’d seen 40 patientsRead MoreThe High Cost of Healthcare in the United States1167 Words   |  5 Pages When it comes to health care, cost is one of the biggest problems. Something needs to be done in order to make it possible for patients, families, and businesses to be able to afford health care. US does not always spend health care dollars in the most productive way. The cost of cancer treatments alone can cost up to hundreds of thousands of dollars, and the only way to pay for that is to raise the cost of the insurance to the patients. Cost is defined as the â€Å"price† of healthcare. The â€Å"price†Read More SWOT Analysis Essay1162 Words   |  5 Pages(Swayne, Duncan Ginther, 2008). Often the SWOT analysis is used to review internal and external areas in the four components; strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats. The SWOT analysis indicates that the strengths and weakness are internal. Strengths are the organizational competitive advantages and distinguishing competencies (Houben, et.al, 1999). Weaknesses hinder the progress of the organization in a certain direction (Houben, et.al, 1999). Weakness can be considered areas of opportunitiesRead MoreUnique Problems Associated with Delivering Health Care to an Indigent Population1371 Words   |  5 Pagesassociated with delivering health care to an indigent population. As illustrated by the case, there were many unique problems associates with delivering health care to the indigent population. First, communication was an issue plaguing all parties involved. Difficulty in regards to understanding overall objectives and health care plans made operations inefficient and costly. Massive errors resulted from communication issues that ultimately hindered the access and quality of health care to the indigent populationRead MoreThe Health Care System Of The United States857 Words   |  4 Pages 1.) Briefly describe the US Health Care system. Identify the people, professionals and organizations that have something to say about how health care is delivered -- and paid for -- in the US. The Health Care System in the United States is provided by many organizations. The Healthcare facilities are largely owned by private sector businesses. A large part of community hospitals are non-profit and government owned, and only a small percent is for profit. The non-profit hospitals include 60 toRead MoreBusiness Environment, Innovation And Entrepreneurship : Health Care Industry Swot Analysis1695 Words   |  7 Pages Business Environment, Innovation and Entrepreneurship: Health Care Industry SWOT Analysis Laurene Foley Southern New Hampshire University  Partners Health Care is a non profit company made up of multiple top notch hospitals and organizations. Partners strives to provide patient first mentality which focuses on serving the community in Boston and suburbs the best quality of care. Partners Health Care was founded back in 1994 by two of the top hospitals in Boston: MassachusettsRead MoreStrengths And Weaknesses Of The Affordable Care Act1629 Words   |  7 PagesStrengths and Weaknesses of the Affordable Care Act What is the Affordable Care Act? The Affordable Care Act (ACA) was signed into law on March 23rd, 2010 by President Barack Obama. This radical health care law was a much-needed step in comprehensive health insurance reform. Three important features of the Affordable Care Act are 1. Improving quality and lowering health care costs 2. New consumer protections and 3. Increased access to healthcare. (Key Features. 2014). Under the umbrella of theseRead MoreEssay On The New York Presbyterian Hospital842 Words   |  4 Pageshealthcare networks, healthcare systems, Accountable Care Organizations etc. However, my venture capital group is focused on investing in a healthcare system with funds of more than $1million dollars. A healthcare system is the organization of multiple healthcare institutions, providers and resources that provide healthcare services for a targeted population. My firm is interested in the analyzation and an eventual investment into the New York-Presbyterian healthcare system. The New York-Presbyterian

Carbohydrates Essay examples - 576 Words

Carbohydrates and lipids/fats are a very important part of our lives. They have many similarities and differences among each other, which distinguish them from other macromolecules. Carbohydrates, which include sugar and their polymers, are used by organisms for fuel and building material. They come in many various forms going from simplicity to complexity. The simplest, monosaccharides, compose of single sugars whose parts are arranged around asymmetric carbons. They generally have a molecular formula that is a multiple of CH2O. Glucose, the most common monosaccharide, is of central importance in the chemistry of life. Energy is stored in glucose materials and extracts cells in the process of cellular respiration. When two†¦show more content†¦These strong cables help build walls for plants and humans. Chitin, conversely, mainly deals with strengthening the arthropods’ exoskeletons. The one thing all lipids have in common is the fact that they are hydrophobic. The three families of lipids are fats, phospholipids, steroids. Glycerol, a form of alcohol, constructs fats when it is mixed with fatty acids who consist of a carboxyl group on one end and hydrocarbon on the other. Three fatty acids linked to a glycerol make up triacylglyceral. If the carbon atoms composing the tail don’t form any double bonds then a unsaturated fat is made. Respectfully, if one or more bonds are formed, the fat becomes saturated. Phospholipids are related to these fats, but unlike triacylglyceral, they have only two fatty acids. These lipids make up bi-layers which form a boundary between a cell and its external environment. The result of this simply becomes the fact that phospholipids are important to cell membranes. When a carbon skeleton consists of four interconnected rings, the third type of lipid, steroid, is built. Cholesterol, a manufacturer of steroids, is one reason that sex hormones are present in vertebrates. Because of that, it has important functions even though a high amount in the blood can contribute towards atherosclerosis. Both carbohydrates and fats are an important part of our everyday diets. Almost everything you eat containsShow MoreRelatedThe Proteins Of Carbohydrates And Carbohydrates1091 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are organic molecules found in every living organism. These macromolecules are large carbon based structures. The macromolecules are assembled by joining several smaller units, called monomers, together through a chemical reaction called dehydration synthesis. The resulting polymer can be disassembled through the complementary process called hydrolysis.Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a 1:2:1 ratio. ThisRead MoreCarbohydrates Report1455 Words   |  6 PagesViviana Veber Bio 1510 Sec 21 Carbohydrates Introduction: The objective of this experiment was to identify the reaction of carbohydrates in Benedict’s test, Barfoed’s test and Iodine test. Carbohydrates are essential to living organisms, and the principal role of carbohydrates is the production of energy. Carbohydrates are groups of sugars that contain carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen in a 1:2:1 ratio. Three main units of carbohydrates are monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharidesRead MoreInvestigating Complex Carbohydrate Vs. Simple Carbohydrate Digestion1386 Words   |  6 Pages Investigating Complex Carbohydrate vs. Simple Carbohydrate Digestion in the Small Intestine. Graehem McCommons, Joey Bolduc 1st Hour Abstract: The primary objective of this lab was to investigate the process of carbohydrate digestion and absorption in the small intestine. The goal of this lab was to observe how the small intestine’s membrane allowed allowed only certain sized molecules to travel across/diffuse through the membrane, and how it broke down largerRead MoreEssay on Lipids and Carbohydrates466 Words   |  2 PagesLipids and Carbohydrates Lipids are a group of substances, which include fats, oils and waxes. Carbohydrates include sugars, starches, glycogen and cellulose. They are stored in plants as starches and in animals as glycogen. There are many differences between carbohydrates and lipids. For example lipids are insoluble in water whereas carbohydrates are soluble in water. This is because lipids contain non - polar hydrocarbon units whereas water contains polar hydrocarbonRead MoreCarbohydrates Case Study735 Words   |  3 Pagesmetformin can act to reduce fasting glucose by 50–70 mg/dL and the HbA1c from 1.3 to 2.0% (Villareal et al, 2005). 3.6.8. ÃŽ ±-Glucosidase inhibitors: ÃŽ ±-Glucosidase inhibitors slow the rate of absorption of carbohydrate by preventing gastrointestinal enzymes which convert complex polysaccharide carbohydrates into monosaccharides in a dose-dependent state. They also aid in the stimulation of secretion of the glucagon like peptide (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) (Feruze, 2001;Read MoreCarbohydrate and Points Essay612 Words   |  3 Pagesthe observance of a particular enzyme in a test performance. (3 points) 14.While working a part-time at a lab, the student is asked to grab a jar that contains carbohydrates. Two jars are on the counter, each labeled with their chemical formula. One is labeled C5H10O5, and the other is C3H9O3. (6 points) a.Which one is the carbohydrate? (1 point) b.What was the students decision based upon? (4 points) c.What type of sugar is it? (1 points) 15.Many commercial food products are sweetened withRead MoreInvestigating The Bonding Of A Carbohydrate1077 Words   |  5 Pages Carbohydrate Analysis Introduction and Purpose Carbohydrates are organic compounds that consist of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. There are four different ways that carbohydrates can be classified: monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. Monosaccharides are the simplest sugars. They are aliphatic aldehydes or ketones and most have five or six carbon atoms. Oligosaccharides are two monosaccharides linked together by the elimination of a water molecule which allows the glycosidicRead MoreNutrition And Macronutrients : Carbohydrates1182 Words   |  5 PagesNutrition and Macronutrients: Carbohydrates: Carbohydrate, in the form of glucose, is the preferred fuel for working muscles. It is particularly important during high intensity activity but whatever exercise is performed some carbohydrate will be used. Glucose is stored in the muscles and liver as a substance known as glycogen and is rapidly converted back to glucose when is it required. The capacity for glycogen storage is limited - a 70kg individual has glycogen reserves of approximately 400gRead MoreEssay about Chemistry and Carbohydrates1082 Words   |  5 Pages The Chemistry of Carbohydrates The chemistry of carbohydrates most closely resembles that of alcohol, aldehyde, and ketone functional groups. As a result, the modern definition of a carbohydrate is that the compounds are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones. The chemistry of carbohydrates is complicated by the fact that there is a functional group (alcohol) on almost every carbon. In addition, the carbohydrate may exist in either a straight chain or a ring structure. Ring structures incorporate twoRead MoreChemical And Physical Properties Of Carbohydrates963 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Carbohydrates are defined by the following classifications: polyalcohols with aldehyde (known as aldose) or ketone (known as a ketose) groups, reducing molecules and water soluble. Additionally, carbohydrates can be grouped in several ways, as either monosaccharides, disaccharides or polysaccharides. Monosaccharides have one carbohydrate unit. Disaccharides have two carbohydrate units. Polysaccharides have many carbohydrate units. An example for each includes: glucose (monosaccharides)

Optimization Logistics and Supply Chain Management

Question: Discuss about the Optimization for Logistics and Supply Chain Management. Answer: Introduction The complaint data has been obtained from the ERP of a company which deals in electronics industry. Owing to a lot of SKUs and wrong practices, a large number of customer complaints have been observed. Resolving these complaints is a key to reduce growing customer dissatisfaction Method Total number of complaints by customer: 719 Total number of complaint types: 10. They fall under the heads - Damaged Delivery Invoice Error Lost In Transit Other Packaging Poor Response Quality of workmanship Wrong Product Wrong Quantity Total number of customer complaints raised by Product Family: There are a total of 15 product families against which complaints have been registered. They are: PF1 47 PF2 54 PF3 48 PF4 47 PF5 44 PF6 41 PF7 48 PF8 49 PF9 43 PF10 55 PF11 46 PF12 60 PF13 42 PF14 48 PF15 47 Total number of complaints raised by CSR staffs: There are a total of 10 CSR staffs. P1 63 P2 81 P3 71 P4 96 P5 77 P6 78 P7 62 P8 74 P9 58 P10 59 Task 2 Problem Definition Top 3 problems in terms of complaint types: 1. Wrong Quality = 264 2. Wrong Product = 176 3. Poor Response = 76 Fig 1 Complaint Type wise count of complaints Top 3 problems in terms of product family: 1. PF 12 = 60 2. PF 10 = 55 3. PF 2 = 54 Fig 2 Product Family wise count of complaints (Srinivas, 2011) Top 3 problems in terms of customer: 1. C4 = 19 2. C3 = 8 3. C31 = C27 = 7 Fig 3 Customer Name wise count of complaints Top 3 problems in terms of CSR staff: 1. P4 = 96 2. P2 = 81 3. P6 = 78 Fig 4 CSR staff wise count of complaints Recommendations Task 3: Suggestions and Solutions The top 3 complaint types have been identified as Wrong Quantity, Wrong Product and Poor Response. A customer not receiving the quantity he/she ordered might feel cheated and this may also cause further delay to ship the order again. Since complaints very often would arise only when the quantity is less than ordered, it is important to note that quantity might have been delivered more than ordered to a few customers leading to further loss. Around 37% of the complaints registered fall in this category which makes it an important issue to handle. To tackle this, check-weighers or product counters need to be in place in the warehouse both in the inbound and outbound section. This will ensure receiving and dispatch of the correct quantity and eliminate complaints in this category. In case automation using check-weighers is not feasible due to capital or space constraints, additional labor needs to be trained/ employed to cross check the quantity being received/dispatched by the inbound and outbound supervisors. By analyzing the data of customer complaints, it can be seen that major f ocus should be on product families PF 12, PF 10, PF 4 and PF 11 where the complaint count is quite high. (Christopher, 2011) Not receiving the product the customer ordered will lead to disappointment on the customer side and this badly reflects on the service offered by the company. To add to this, it leads to further delay in processing the orders. Wrong product complaints are often a result of poorly organized warehouse. It must be noted that the warehouse keeps 30,000 stock keeping units (SKUs) which can easily create confusion if mismanaged. To tackle this problem, the layout of the warehouse should be such that proper sections should be allotted to products of different types where products are stored in pallets. (Ridler, 2016). Further, to identify products, bar codes may be used and scanning systems might be installed which will reduce dependency on manpower to do such tasks of product identification. Processes should be in place to allocate sections/pallet positions to new products which must be checked on a regular basis (weekly or fortnightly). Use of forklifts can help ease the process. (Suryava nshi, 2010). Forklift drivers should be trained and well guided to locate the correct product being asked for. Major focus should be on product families PF 15 and PF 10 where the complaint count for this type is quite high. The response time for every complaint is 7 days as can be inferred from the given data. Moreover, it takes additional 3 to 13 days to close the complaint. For a customer this implies a total lag of 10 to 20 days. Implementing the above solutions should reduce the no. of complaints received. This in turn should be utilized to reduce the response time. With lesser complaints registered now, response time should be brought down to 2-3 days. (Anholcer, 2012). The second issue with respect to poor response might be due to the inability of the responder while dealing with domestic and international customers. This should be dealt with by training the responder to enhance his/her communication skills. A workshop regarding the same will be very handy. (Herder, 2013) Other prominent complaints come in the heads of delivery, packaging and damaged goods. Delivery time should be notified to the customer well in time. Further, follow ups need to be taken to ensure timely delivery. (iSight, 2016). Secondly, delivery address need to properly noted from the customer (example, PIN code should be asked) and communicated to the goods delivery service provider. For proper packaging and ensuring there are no damaged goods, proper sampling should be done during inbound to check the goods. Goods which fall below the set specification should be rejected. Further, forklift drivers should be trained so that goods are not damaged while handling them. Stacking norms in the warehouse should always be followed. Packaging should also be done properly so that goods are not damaged while in transit. (Myerson, 2012) References Christopher, M 2011, Logistics and Supply Chain Management, FT Press. Myerson,P 2012, Lean Supply Chain and Logistics Management, McGraw Hill Educations Anholcer, M 2012, Optimization of Supply Chain via Reduction of Complaints Ratio, viewed on 19 August, 2016 from https://kbo.ue.poznan.pl/anholcer/publ/201201supply_chain_optimization.pdf Suryavanshi, P 2010, Customer Complaint Handling, viewed on 19 August, 2016 from https://pradipsuryavanshi.blogspot.in/2010/03/customer-complaint-handling-customer-of.html Srinivas, M 2011, Building Lean Supply Chains with the Theory of Constraints. McGraw Hill Educations Ridler, B 2016, Six Steps to Dealing with Customer Complaints, viewed on 19 August, 2016 from https://www.eonetwork.org/octane-magazine/special-features/sixstepstodealingwithcustomercomplaints Herder, A 2013, How to handle customer complaints, viewed on 19 August, 2016 from https://trainingmag.com/content/how-handle-customer-complaints iSight 2016, A Practical Guide to Handling Consumer Complaints, viewed on 19 August, 2016 from https://www.customerexpressions.com/CEx/cexweb.nsf/(GetPages2)/A_Practical_Guide_to_Handling_Consumer_Complaints

Sleepwalk in Life

Table of Contents Introduction Discussion Conclusion Works Cited Introduction The idea that most people are sleepwalking through life is a very important aspect in our society. Therefore, it is undeniable that most people who are sleepwalking through life are always unaware of what they are doing. This means that a sleepwalker will not be aware that he is engaging himself in such behavior.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sleepwalk in Life specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It should be known that there have been a lot of arguments in relation to sleepwalking which needs to be understood. As a matter of fact, some people have treated individuals who are sleepwalking differently yet they need to be understood and supported for the society’s well being. Most of us are sleepwalking in life which is undisputable. As much as most people are unaware that they are sleepwalking, this is caused by various reasons and aspects. The pressures of modern life have made people to sleepwalk in life which is set to continue as time goes by (Charlie 12). Discussion I think that most people are sleepwalking through their life because they are midway their organizational lives. Sleepwalking can be done in different dimensions depending on the activity that an individual is engaged in. When people are asked if they are sleepwalking, they will always say no yet this is not the case. It should be known that there are various symptoms of sleepwalking that can be exhibited by individuals like having no goals and ambitions. Most things that people do are the ones that are making them to sleepwalk like constant watching of TV, surfing on the internet and others. I think that we are sleepwalking in life because we engage in unproductive activities. This is because of shutting off their brains as a result of these activities (Nowak 16). People who are living their lives in a state of unconsciousness can also be said to be sleepwalking. This should not be assumed to be physically awake because we might think that we are okay. There are individuals who are not aware of whom they are in the society which is a reason for sleepwalking through life. In this case, there is a large context of life that people can be part of which should be understood. It is not easy to tell an individual who is sleepwalking in life because they are just like any one of us. We always sleepwalk because we do not have any clarity in our lives. In the long run, we end up being physical shells that are just there. As earlier noted, sleepwalking can be manifested in different ways and this is as far as people who are not thinking about their future are concerned (Culebras 15). Our life should always be about the bigger picture and when we lack it we are also sleepwalking.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More If you can not f ind enough time to do the things that you want to do in life then you are literally sleepwalking. This is mainly caused by being preoccupied with things that do not matter in life. As a matter of fact, it has been argued that sleepwalkers are always busy and they will wait for another next time to accomplish their goals. Lack of motivation or ambition has been cited as one of the reasons behind sleepwalking. It should be known that most people are not driven in their lives because of various things which should be evaluated. This is based on the pretext that we are just there to live which is not good at all (Mackay 23). There is no need to live other people’s expectations because we will not be able to define our direction. People should not be made to stash away their goals and desires which might revolve around sleepwalking. The society has a lot of sleepwalkers because of our preoccupation with making money where we forget what we stand for. This means that there is somet hing that can be done to stop or reduce sleepwalking in the society (De Bruxelles 9). In this case, this is as far as how we can break out of such a situation is concerned. It is undeniable that everybody has his dream that he/she wishes to accomplish in life and they should be supported for long term sustainability. This means that there is a solution to everything so long as a good approach is given. To break out of this, we should engage ourselves in value added activities. This should not revolve around filling our lives with random activities but with things that will better our lives. There is no need for a passive approach to life because most people live on a day to day basis. Conclusion Because all of us sleepwalk in life, we should pay more attention to time allocation. This will enable us to do things that matter most because it is not good to wait for next time (Charlie 27). In conclusion, we can say that most of us are sleepwalking in life because of our environment and society. This is because we need to be on the move to make money which has been considered as the measure of success. All this activities have made people to be preoccupied with a lot of things that wear them down leading to sleepwalking. There is a lot of competition in the society today which has complicated everything because there is nobody who wants to be left behind. All in all, there is a lot that can be done to ensure that people are focused in life based on proper identification of goals.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sleepwalk in Life specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Works Cited Charlie Parish. Sleep Walking Through Life. 2011. Web. Culebras, Antonio. Somnambulism: Clinical Handbook of Sleep Disorders. Massachusetts: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1996. Print. De Bruxelles, Simon. Sleepwalker Brian Thomas admits killing wife while fighting intruders in nightmare. London: The Times, 2009. Print. Mackay, Iren e. The Sleepwalker is not insane. New York: Routledge, 1992. Print. Nowak, Rachel. Sleepwalking woman had sex with strangers. New York: New Scientist, 2004. Print. This essay on Sleepwalk in Life was written and submitted by user Vivienne Barrera to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Difference Between Totalitarianism, Authoritarianism, Fascism

Difference Between Totalitarianism, Authoritarianism, Fascism Totalitarianism, authoritarianism, and fascism are all forms of government. And defining different forms of government isnt as easy as it might seem.   The governments of all nations have an official form as designated in the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency’s World Factbook. However, a nation’s own description of its form of government can often be less than objective. For example, while the former Soviet Union declared itself a democracy, its elections were not â€Å"free and fair† as only one party with state-approved candidates were represented. The USSR was more correctly classified as a socialist republic. In addition, the boundaries between various forms of government can be fluid or poorly-defined, often with overlapping characteristics. Such is the case with totalitarianism, authoritarianism, and fascism. What is Totalitarianism? Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler in Munich, Germany September 1937. Fox Photos/Getty Images Totalitarianism is a form of government in which the state’s power is unlimited and is used to control virtually all aspects of public and private life. This control extends to all political and financial matters, as well as the attitudes, morals, and beliefs of the people. The concept of totalitarianism was developed in the 1920s by Italian fascists who attempted to put a positive spin on it by referring to what they considered totalitarianism’s â€Å"positive goals† for society. However, most Western civilizations and governments quickly rejected the concept of totalitarianism and continue to do so today. One distinctive feature of totalitarian governments is the existence of an explicit or implied national ideology, a set of beliefs intended to give meaning and direction to the entire society. According to Russian history expert and author Richard Pipes, Fascist Italian Prime Minister Benito Mussolini once summarized the basis of totalitarianism as, â€Å"Everything within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state.† Examples of characteristics that might be present in a totalitarian state include: Rule enforced by a single dictatorThe presence of a single ruling political partyStrict censorship, if not total control of the pressConstant dissemination of pro-government propagandaMandatory service in the military for all citizensMandatory population control practicesProhibition of certain religious or political groups and practicesProhibition of any form of public criticism of the governmentLaws enforced by secret police forces or the military Typically, the characteristics of a totalitarian state tend to cause people to fear their government. Rather than trying to allay that fear, totalitarian rulers tend to encourage and use it to ensure the people’s cooperation. Early examples of totalitarian states include Germany under Adolf Hitler and Italy under Benito Mussolini. More recent examples of totalitarian states include Iraq under Saddam Hussein and North Korea under Kim Jong-un. What is Authoritarianism? Fidel Castro circa 1977. David Hume Kennerly/Getty Images   An authoritarian state is characterized by a strong central government that allows people a limited degree of political freedom. However, the political process, as well as all individual freedoms, is controlled by the government without any constitutional accountability In 1964, Juan Josà © Linz, Professor Emeritus of Sociology and Political Science at Yale University, described the four most recognizable characteristics of authoritarian state as: Limited political freedom with strict government controls imposed on political institutions and groups like legislatures, political parties, and interest groupsA controlling regime that justifies itself to the people as a â€Å"necessary evil† uniquely capable of coping with â€Å"easily recognizable societal problems† such as hunger, poverty, or violent insurgencyStrict government-imposed constraints on social freedoms such as suppression of political opponents and anti-regime activityThe presence of a ruling executive with vague, loosely defined and shifting powers Modern dictatorships, such as Venezuela under Hugo Chvez, or Cuba under Fidel Castro, typify authoritarian governments.   While the People’s Republic of China under Chairman Mao Zedong was considered a totalitarian state, modern-day China is more accurately described as an authoritarian state, because its citizens are now allowed some limited personal freedoms. It is important to summarize the main differences between totalitarianism and authoritarian governments. In a totalitarian state, the government’s range of control over the people is virtually unlimited. The government controls nearly all aspects of the economy, politics, culture, and society. Education, religion, the arts and sciences, even morality and reproductive rights are controlled by totalitarian governments. While all power in an authoritarian government is held by a single dictator or group, the people are allowed a limited degree of political freedom. What is Fascism? Rarely employed since the end of World War II in 1945, fascism is a form of government combining the most extreme aspects of both totalitarianism and authoritarianism. Even when compared to extreme nationalistic ideologies like Marxism and anarchism, fascism is typically considered to be at the far-right end of the political spectrum. Fascism is characterized by the imposition of dictatorial power, government control of industry and commerce, and the forcible suppression of opposition, often at the hands of the military or a secret police force. Fascism was first seen in Italy during World War I, later spreading to Germany and other European countries during World War II. Historically, the primary function of fascist regimes has been to maintain the nation in a constant state of readiness for war. Fascists observed how rapid, mass military mobilizations during World War I had blurred the lines between the roles of civilians and combatants. Drawing on those experiences, fascist rulers strive to create a rabidly nationalistic culture of â€Å"military citizenship† in which all citizens are willing and prepared to take on some military duties during times of war, including actual combat. In addition, fascists view democracy and the electoral process as an obsolete and unnecessary obstacle to maintaining constant military readiness and consider a totalitarian one-party state as the key to preparing the nation for war and its resulting economic and social hardships. Today, few governments publicly described themselves as fascist. Instead, the term is more often used pejoratively by those critical of particular governments or leaders. The term â€Å"neo-fascist† is often used to describe governments or individuals espousing radical, far right political ideologies similar to those of the World War II fascist states.

The History of the Man-Made Invention of Money

The History of the Man-Made Invention of Money Money is anything that is commonly accepted by a group of people for the exchange of goods, services, or resources. Every country has its own exchange system of coins and paper money. Bartering and Commodity Money In the beginning, people bartered. Bartering is the exchange of a good or service for another good or service. For example, a bag of rice for a bag of beans. However, what if you couldnt agree what something was worth in exchange or you didnt want what the other person had?  To solve that problem, humans developed what is called commodity money. A commodity is a basic item used by almost everyone. In the past, items such as salt, tea, tobacco, cattle, and seeds were commodities and therefore were once used as money. However, using commodities as money had other problems. Carrying bags of salt and other commodities was hard and commodities were difficult to store or were perishable. Coins and Paper Money Metals objects were introduced as money around 5000 B.C. By 700 BC, the Lydians became the first in the western world to make coins. Countries were soon minting their own series of coins with specific values. Metal was used because it was readily available, easy to work with and could be recycled. Since coins were given a certain value, it became easier to compare the cost of items people wanted. Some of the earliest known paper money dates back to ancient China, where the issuing  of paper money became common from about AD 960 onwards. Representative Money With the introduction of paper currency and non-precious coinage, commodity money evolved into representative money. This meant that what money itself was made of no longer had to be very valuable. Representative money was backed by a government or banks promise to exchange it for a certain amount of silver or gold. For example, the old British Pound bill or Pound Sterling was once guaranteed to be redeemable for a pound of sterling silver. For most of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the majority of currencies were based on representative money through the use of the gold standard. Fiat Money Representative money has now been replaced by fiat money. Fiat is the Latin word for let it be done. Money is now given value by a government fiat or decree.  In other words, enforceable legal tender laws were made. By law, the refusal of legal tender money in favor of some other form of payment is illegal. Origin of the Dollar Sign ($) The origin of the $ money sign is not certain. Many historians trace the $ money sign to either the Mexican or Spanish Ps for pesos, or piastres, or pieces of eight. The study of old manuscripts shows that the S gradually came to be written over the P and looking very much like the $ mark. U.S. Money Trivia On March 10, 1862, the first United States paper money was issued. The denominations at the time were $5, $10, and $20. They became legal tender by Act of March 17, 1862. The inclusion of In God We Trust on all currency was required by law in 1955. The national motto first appeared on paper money in 1957 on $1 Silver Certificates and on all Federal Reserve Notes beginning with Series 1963. Electronic Banking ERMA began as a project for the Bank of America in an effort to computerize the banking industry. MICR (magnetic ink character recognition) was part of ERMA. MICR allowed computers to read special numbers at the bottom of checks that allowed computerized tracking and accounting of check transactions.

Communicating across genders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Communicating across genders - Essay Example However, I feel that even this is unnecessarily divisive. In my experience, Adler's findings that gender difference amounts to just 1% of the variance of speech (186) between any two people is more important. This paper will look at three conversations within and between two groups of people to show that shared experience and goals facilitate communication better than shared gender. It is necessarily difficult to give concrete examples of gender communication being more similar than different, because it is generally easier to disprove than prove something, but two personal conversations in which I took part are good examples of how shared experience facilitates communication better than shared gender – and that, equally, different experiences hinder communication. These two conversations involved separate groups of people, both composed of mixed genders but similar politics and ideology. Both conversations discussed the case of Representative Anthony Weiner, who recently resi gned after revelations that he had been attempting to engage numerous female political admirers in (usually unwanted) sexual conversation. In the first conversation, both men and women condemned Weiner unanimously for the sexual harassment of sending explicit photographs of his anatomy to non-consenting women who had merely expressed their support of his policies. Men and women used the same sentence structures and argumentative styles, appealing to reason and emotion equally: most sentences used personal pronouns (I, you, he), for example. One interjection in the conversation was taken badly by the other members, as it was a joke that was highly inappropriate, which had been made by a woman – not something that Adler would expect (184). In fact, this conversation happened online with most people using gender-neutral pseudonyms, and the only way I could figure out who was of which gender was by specifically asking them. The second conversation happened after someone made the assertion that Weiner was simply guilty of sexual harassment, and his resignation neither inappropriate nor adequate punishment for his crime. The communication style was similar to the previous group's in that most people used 'I' statements and littered their messages with pronouns; however, in this group most people were more skeptical of the idea that Weiner's behaviour was criminal. In one unusual exchange, a woman made the statement that â€Å"Flashing someone virtually is the same as flashing someone in person†, and a man responded â€Å"I think you meant to say that you 'think/feel' they are the same.† In this example, a woman used concrete language (or rather, a male conversational style [185]) to express an opinion and was told by a man that she should revert to female conversational style. The same man then said â€Å"the decisions we make in our lives brand us†, arguing that when considering Weiner's sexual harassment of Ms Ginger Lee, one should bea r her career choice (she is a former porn star) in mind. Clearly his usage of a male conversational style was acceptable. A different woman dismissed Lee's claims by saying â€Å"You know as well as I do that women are just as bad as men, when it comes to manipulation.† Her appeal to an emotional relationship is, Adler argues, typically feminine. It may be interesting to note that the first group do not believe that there is any material difference

Philosophy of Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Philosophy of Education - Essay Example So what does this term quality really indicate? A quality education is first and foremost free from obvious flaws. In the manufacturing sector, quality control ensures that the product leaving the factory will perform as promised. A quality education is delivered by skill, competent educational practitioners. These are people that are talented and trained to ensure that the processes of teaching and learning work as promised. A quality education is an education where student expectations of learning are elevated by inspired teachers. These teachers then strive to facilitate the learning in a manner that exceeds student expectations. Aside from being free from flaws in delivery, reception and analysis of information, a quality education is an education that meets the immediate needs of the learner and then inspires the learner to look to the future with the bright understanding that they can overcome challenges and obstacles that hinder them from reaching their goals. The basis for a program that delivers a quality education is grounded in the belief that all children can learn. Coupled with that belief is the understanding that all children learn differently. ... Educational settings are often accused of not being a part of the real world. The real world is full of people with different capacities to learn grow and achieve. Creating an inclusive setting within the classroom makes the learning in that classroom more real than it would be if children with high ability were segregated from those that struggle to achieve. Inclusion of all children within the classroom has positive social and educational benefits, but it also creates a very difficult situation for the teacher. How can quality instruction be delivered if the reading levels are so very different or if the math skills don’t all match? Why should the child that is well behaved and mannerly be saddled with classmates that are rowdy and rude? How can these challenges created by inclusion be overcome? Differentiating instruction is the means by which the teacher can deliver a quality education to each child even though their interests and abilities greatly vary. Teachers need to d ifferentiate their instruction based on how they deliver information to accommodate different learning styles, student readiness to learn and student interest. Each of these types of differentiation addresses challenges created by inclusion of all students in the educational setting. Children obtain information in a multitude of ways, and studies have shown that some are more adept at using some sensory methods than others. The visual learner, the auditory learner and the kinesthetic learner are not new ideas in education. Offering a plethora of sensory rich experiences for children heightens the chance that individual learning styles will be accommodated most of the time. What children need is an opportunity to have instruction to play into their strengths

How to Write a Briefing Document Essay Example for Free

How to Write a Briefing Document Essay The policy briefs you will write will be aimed at a particular audience, and should represent that audiences perspective and reflect its interests. Content The brief should accomplish the following: †¢ Identify the problem and convince the audience of the importance of addressing it. From their perspective, what is important and what is not important? Highlight what aspects of the status quo are relevant to the problem. This should include a full treatment of any underlying technical issues. Identify a solution. This solution should include some course of action to be taken by your audience. Doing nothing is a sometimes valid course of action. Guidelines †¢ †¢ †¢ Tie the audiences interests to the means and the end. Identify other solutions and point out why the proposed solution is better for the audience (if it is useful or relevant). Discuss your solution’s feasibility and the initial steps that can be taken, as well as obstacles to its implementation. You are encouraged to explore a wide range of solutions. Think about technology (including changing infrastructure or client-side capabilities), government regulations (including direct mandates, incentives or changes in liability), and market tools (including new markets or marketing campaigns to realign incentives). Addressing your audiences needs is as important as solving the larger problem. You should understand what it is they hope to accomplish, and what tradeoffs they would be willing to make. Attributes of a successful briefing memo †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Short: Your audience will not have an attention span for a long document. Succinct: Be brief and clear; avoid empty rhetoric and sweeping generalizations. (Such as this.) Persuasive: You are aiming to convince your audience on the best course of action. Evidence-based: Cite specifics, and use empirical data wherever possible. Accessible: Incorporate critical technical facts and trends without jargon, in a fashion understandable to a non-technical audience. Realistic: Be careful with the assumptions you make. State the important ones.

Ford :: essays research papers

Nirmal Tanna Dissertation 11.10.2000 Tutor: D Dovey, TUESDAY 12pm. Question How do the changes/reduction in UK car prices affect the maufaterer and customer? Research will be collected via the internet i.e prices & product information. Internet car buying has also changed the traditional way that an individual would procure a brand new motor vehicle. Other sources such as the AA, DVLA and TOP GEAR (BBC telavision program), will be contacted. The DVLA in Swansea may have intresting information on trends with have been influenced in the price restructuring. Interviews with the director and owner of a Ford garage will also help to see how the changes are effecting the industry. This will help to establish how reduced UK prices are comming in line with main land Europe. Aspects such as recent changes in vehicle equipment levels, and general quality will also be of interest as the maufacturer has to tighten his profit margins. Lots of garages will be contactes this shall help establish which have reduced prices and offer deals to intise customers. General trends will be apparent, but each dealer is a franchise so a particular Dealer i.e. BMW may be offering different packages around the country, even though list prices remain transparent. Government Legislation has also been a crucial factor behind the reduction In Inflated UK prices. This highly topical subject has also been investigated and highlighted Recently in the media. Monday, May 10, 1999 Published at 12:18 GMT 13:18 UK Business: The Company File Ford sparks price war Pressure to reduce the price of new cars is increasing Car-buyers in the UK could benefit from a price war as one of the biggest name brands, Ford, signals its intent to compete more fiercely. Ford is reportedly giving UK dealers a discount of  £3,000 on its Mondeo models, as long as they can sell at least 10 cars a month. Some industry experts believe this could be the start of a price war as manufacturers such as Daewoo and Hyundai shape up for a renewed onslaught on the UK car market. The pressure to reduce prices has been mounting from various sources during the past year. The Competition Commission is currently investigating why car prices in the UK are among the highest in Europe and there has been fierce criticism from an all-party select committee of MPs over the same issue. Motoring journalist Mike Rutherford says that price reductions by Ford - the UK's market leader - are long overdue. He said: "I would much rather see that  £3,000 discount applying not to the dealer but to the end consumer

Practical Report

My possible results were now: Bacillus cereus, Mycobacterium segments, or Lasciviously acidophilus. Next I preformed the acid fast staining. When preparing this slide and viewing it on oil immersion, I was a little more confident about the negative result yielded. You are less likely to confuse a negative blue with a positive fuchsia or pink color, which was my issue in my gram staining process. Was teetering on whether my gram stain was purple, red, or both. My results in the acid fast staining were clearly blue, making the results negative.Looking back at the key, it narrows my possible results by one, leaving me with: Mycobacterium segments, or Lasciviously acidophilus. My last staining slide was the spore stain. Here yielded a negative result. The color on my slide was red. From lab red is highlighting the cell, here green would represent the spore. Did have maybe one or two green spots, but chalked that up to over dripping of malachite green, over microwaving, or not enough wate r on paper towel, as my slide was cracked in half after being microwaves. Looking back again at the lab key was narrowed my choices again, ending up with Lasciviously acidophilus.In the end, three staining tests results were as follows: Gram yielded positive, acid sat yielded negative, and spore standardized negative. The morphology that noticed was rod shape. I had a hard time distinguishing long rods from short rods. In my opinion the rods seemed short, if possible when they appeared longer they looked more like two short rods were just attached at the ends. So my thought as to what my unknown bacteria is, would be: Lasciviously acidophilus. My rationale for my results answer is mainly based on what was yielded from the staining Of each slide.The colored results matched to either positive or negative and the morphology just takes you a tepee closer in matching your result. The bacteria that believe my results yielded is Lasciviously acidophilus. It is known as a â€Å"friendly' b acteria and is a very common proportion that is found naturally in our bodies, mainly in the mouth, intestines, and the vagina. Structure wise Lasciviously acidophilus is a single-celled prokaryotic microorganism that lacks a distinct nucleus. It also contains a cell wall, a cytoplasm membrane, a nucleoli, cytoplasm, ribosome, pill, and flagella.It is rod shaped and measures about 0. 5 to 0. 8 micrometer across by 2 to 9 mm in length. It occurs in chains and is non spore forming (Sanders 322). Lasciviously acidophilus has optimal growth at 37-42 degrees Celsius. They are able to live in highly acidic environments. Prefers to grow at low pH, anything below 5. It is a motile bacteria that grows in or without the presence of oxygen. Bacteria is able to digest lactose. Culture preparations consist of dried or liquid cultures of living bacteria (it can be grown on agar slants made of 2% agar in a solution of 3. 5% Lasciviously broth).High colony counts on mediums that contain potassium a cetate, dextrose, and CHOPPY to name a ewe. This bacteria is used as a proportion to prevent/treat vaginal candidates, yeast infections of the mouth, and diarrhea. Overuse or a side effects that are currently known about this bacteria is constipation and flatulence. With Lasciviously acidophilus there wasn't much about the production of toxins it could cause, but more about the dittoing abilities. It aids in producing enzymes which promote digestibility, decreases the levels of toxic amines in the blood, the positive list goes on.When researching of other bacteria that was closely related to Lasciviously acidophilus. I was unsuccessful. But because it does grow naturally within us this bacteria works in conjunction with other bacteria and organisms within our bodies. After coming to the conclusion of my results until now I think was very oblivious to the bacteria that I was looking up. The more in-depth search I went into I realized I used this bacteria, this proportion, often in my profession. The physicians at my nursing home often prescribe Lasciviously acidophilus to residents that are being treated with an antibiotic.

International Financial Policies Essay

International Financial Policies determine how firms in international market work because if respective governments of the countries put restrictions on doing trade, it may be relatively difficult to trade. One of the most important advantages of international financial policies is the fact that such policies often get the backing of the government therefore international firms find it relatively easy to have access to different resources besides availing different types of concessions in duties and taxes. On the other side, due to such international financial policies, international firms may have to work with relatively inefficient organizations due to contractual requirements. Most of the countries often attempt to bring in public owned entities to work with international firms therefore given the traditional bureaucratic inefficiencies of such public institutions, resources may not be efficiently utilized and firms may not be achieving their strategic objectives in real term. Trade Agreements The trade agreements are formed based on the assumptions that the countries attempt to take advantage of their relative comparative advantage. Trade Agreements are often formed between two or more countries to agree together to offer certain trade concessions to each other. Trade agreements are often formed at the government level and countries to the agreement often offer tax concessions, duty rebates, removal of trade quotas etc so that trade integration can take place and countries can actually benefit from the comparative advantages of each other. Trade Agreements have greater influence on the financial management policies because if favorable, trade agreements can relatively save lot of costs i. e. duty and tax concessions, lower interest rates etc. for the firms therefore they really have to devise policies which can allow them to manage their financial resources in most efficient manner.

Imagery and Perceptions in Filthy Landscape and August

Imagery and Perceptions in Filthy Landscape and August The poems "Filthy Landscape" by Charles Simic and "August" by Sophie Cabot Black are both centered around the season summer, yet the images used to describe the season summer in each poem create very different perceptions of what summer is. This essay will discuss the use of images to evoke summer in "Filthy Landscape" and in "August." It will also explain how these poems' images create very different perceptions of a summer landscape.The images used to bring about summer in "Filthy Landscape" are hot and sultry. They describe a summer day in a sexual way. To read the title of this poem one may think the poem is about littering, yet when the poem is read, one finds that this piece of literature has nothing to do with litter at all. It is actually a sexually vivid description of a summer landscape.The sexuality in "Filthy Landscape" appears to escalate from stanza to stanza.English: What kind of poem did Hafez make?This escalation of sexuality is first seen in stanza one in lines thre e and four where Simic uses personification to say that the wildflowers are moving in the breezes. The personification in stanza one can be read as a prelude to sex or as a poem about summer, a prelude to the beauty that is to be seen. The sexuality in "Filthy Landscape" intensifies in the second stanza in line five, in which Simic is obviously playing with the words by writing, "A ditch opens itslegs." In line five the word ditch rhymes with a word commonly used for spiteful females and it can be clearly and easily seen if one simply faces the letter d in ditch to the right. In the second stanza the reader is given the image of a ditch in the midst of a grove scattered with fruit trees,

Battle of the Chateauguay in the War of 1812

Battle of the Chateauguay in the War of 1812 Battle of the Chateauguay - Conflict Date: The Battle of the Chateauguay was fought October 26, 1813, during the War of 1812 (1812-1815). Armies Commanders Americans Major General Wade Hampton2,600 men British Lieutenant Colonel Charles de Salaberry1,530 men Battle of the Chateauguay - Background: With the failure of American operations in 1812, which saw the loss of Detroit and a defeat at Queenston Heights, plans to renew the offensives against Canada were made for 1813. Advancing across the Niagara frontier, American troops initially had success until being checked at the Battles of Stoney Creek and Beaver Dams in June. With the failure of these efforts, Secretary of War John Armstrong began planning for a fall campaign designed to capture Montreal. If successful, the citys occupation would lead to the collapse of the British position on Lake Ontario and would cause all of Upper Canada to fall into American hands. Battle of the Chateauguay - The American Plan: To take Montreal, Armstrong intended to send two forces north. One, led Major General James Wilkinson, was to depart Sacketts Harbor, NY and advance down the St. Lawrence River towards the city. The other, commanded by Major General Wade Hampton, received orders to move north from Lake Champlain with the goal of uniting with Wilkinson upon reaching Montreal. Though a sound plan, it was hampered by a deep personal feud between the two principal American commanders. Assessing his orders, Hampton initially refused to take part in the operation if it meant working with Wilkinson. To assuage his subordinate, Armstrong offered to lead the campaign in person. With this assurance, Hampton agreed to take the field. Battle of Chateauguay - Hampton Moves Out: In late September, Hampton shifted his command from Burlington, VT to Plattsburgh, NY with the assistance of US Navy gunboats led by Master Commandant Thomas Macdonough. Scouting the direct route north via the Richelieu River, Hampton determined that the British defenses in area were too strong for his force to penetrate and that there was insufficient water for his men. As a result, he shifted his line of advance west to the Chateauguay River. Reaching the river near Four Corners, NY, Hampton made camp after learning that Wilkinson was delayed. Increasingly frustrated by his rivals lack of action, he became concerned that the British were massing against him to the north. Finally receiving word that Wilkinson was ready, Hampton began marching north on October 18. Battle of the Chateauguay - The British Prepare: Alerted to the American advance, the British commander at Montreal, Major General Louis de Watteville, began shifting forces to cover the city. To the south, the leader of the British outposts in the region, Lieutenant Colonel Charles de Salaberry, began mustering militia and light infantry units to meet the threat. Composed entirely of troops recruited in Canada, Salaberrys combined force numbered around 1,500 men and consisted of Canadian Voltigeurs (light infantry), Canadian Fencibles, and various units of Select Embodied Militia. Reaching the border, Hampton was angered when 1,400 New York militiamen refused to cross into Canada. Proceeding with his regulars, his force was reduced to 2,600 men. Battle of the Chateauguay - Salaberrys Position: Well informed as to Hamptons progress, Salaberry assumed a position along the north bank of the Chateauguay River near present-day Ormstown, Quebec. Extending his line north along the bank of English River, he directed his men to construct a line of abatis to protect the position. To his rear, Salaberry placed the light companies of the 2nd and 3rd Battalions of Select Embodied Militia to guard Grants Ford. Between these two lines, Salaberry deployed various elements of his command in a series of reserve lines. While he personally commanded the forces the abatis, he assigned leadership of the reserves to Lieutenant Colonel George MacDonnell. Battle of the Chateauguay - Hampton Advances: Reaching the vicinity of Salaberrys lines on late October 25, Hampton dispatched Colonel Robert Purdy and 1,000 men to the south shore of the river with the goal of advancing and securing Grants Ford at dawn. This done, they could attack the Canadians from behind as Brigadier General George Izard mounted a frontal assault on the abatis. Having given Purdy his orders, Hampton received a troubling letter from Armstrong informing him that Wilkinson was now in command of the campaign. In addition, Hampton was instructed to build a large camp for winter quarters on the banks of the St. Lawrence. Interpreting the letter to mean that the attack on Montreal was cancelled for 1813, he would have withdrawn south had Purdy not already been committed. Battle of the Chateauguay - The Americans Held: Marching through the night, Purdys men encountered difficult terrain and failed to reach the ford by dawn. Pushing forward, Hampton and Izard encountered Salaberrys skirmishers around 10:00 AM on October 26. Forming around 300 men from the Voltigeurs, Fencibles, and various militia formations at the abatis, Salaberry prepared to meet the American assault. As Izards brigade moved forward, Purdy came into contact with the militia guarding the ford. Striking Brugià ¨res company, they made some headway until being counterattacked by two companies led by Captains Daly and de Tonnancour. In the resulting fighting, Purdy was forced to fall back. With the fighting raging south of the river, Izard began pressing Salaberrys men along the abatis. This forced the Fencibles, which had advanced forward of the abatis, to fall back. With the situation becoming precarious, Salaberry brought up his reserves and used bugle calls to fool the Americans into thinking that large numbers of enemy troops were approaching. This worked and Izards men assumed a more defensive posture. To the south, Purdy had re-engaged the Canadian militia. In the fighting, both Brugià ¨re and Daly fell badly wounded. The loss of their captains led the militia to begin falling back. In an effort to encircle the retreating Canadians, Purdys men emerged along the river bank and came under heavy fire from Salaberrys position. Stunned, they broke off their pursuit. Having witnessed this action, Hampton elected to end the engagement. Battle of the Chateauguay - Aftermath: In the fighting at the Battle of the Chateauguay, Hampton lost 23 killed, 33 wounded, and 29 missing, while Salaberry sustained 2 killed, 16 wounded, and 4 missing. Though a relatively minor engagement, the Battle of the Chateauguay had significant strategic implications as Hampton, following a council of war, elected to withdraw back to Four Corners rather than move towards the St. Lawrence. Marching south, he dispatched a messenger to Wilkinson informing him of his actions. In response, Wilkinson ordered him to advance to the river at Cornwall. Not believing this possible, Hampton sent a note to Wilkinson and moved south to Plattsburgh. Wilkinsons advance was halted at the Battle of Cryslers Farm on November 11 when he was beaten by a smaller British force. Receiving Hamptons refusal to move to Cornwall after the battle, Wilkinson used it as an excuse to abandon his offensive and move into winter quarters at French Mills, NY. This action effectively ended the 1813 campaign season. Despite high hopes, the only American successes occurred to west where Master Commandant Oliver H. Perry won the Battle of Lake Erie and Major General William H. Harrison triumphed at the Battle of the Thames. Selected Sources History of War: Battle of ChateauguayParks Canada: Battle of ChateauguayWar of 1812-1814: Battle of Chateauguay

Technology in our Lives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Technology in our Lives - Essay Example However I still believe that technology has a big impact on our lives nowadays. The newer generations can’t think about living without technology. Ask a teenager what their most prized possessions are and you will come up with answers such as laptop, iPod, digital camera, PlayStation and many more such technological devices that have taken the world by storm and have become a necessary part of many people’s lives. Many of the technological inventions such as cars, airplanes and bullet trains have made transportation easier. Gone are the days when people commonly used horses and camels as modes of transportation. With the invention of modern modes of travel it is possible to reach far off places in a very short time. Most of us use these modes while travelling to work or school. A person travelling on a horse to go to their office is a rare sight now thanks to technology as people prefer faster modes of travel. With technological advancements came the inventions such as television, cell phones, and internet. All these inventions have led to the world becoming a global village. With their help we can communicate over long distances and know what is happening anywhere in the world just by clicking a button. Technology has even led to advancements in medicine. With the help of technology new medicines are being developed that can cure many diseases. As a result many lives can be saved. Electricity is another invention without which we cannot dream to live now. Imagine if there is no electricity the country. There is a total blackout. The world will come to a halt. Most of people’s work requires electricity. Be it as simple as for running the AC or as complex as running a power plant both require electricity to function. I believe that now it is impossible to live without technology. We are so dependent on some of the technology that we use today that it

Millennium Pest Control Services Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Millennium Pest Control Services - Case Study Example Having completed this initial and important part of the marketing strategy, the firm is now in the process of configuring the value, set the price, communicate the set values to the prospective customers and deliver the values to the utmost satisfaction of the customers. "Consumer-focused marketing is the single most important factor that determines the success of an enterprise. Marketing is not just about selling. It requires a clear and astute understanding of what consumers want and the ability to deliver it to them through the most appropriate channels for a profit. It includes the planning, pricing, promotion and distribution of products and services for consumers, both present and potential." (Katherine Adam, Radhika Balasubrahmanyam, and Holly Born 1999) In today's competitive business environment, achieving the organizational twin objectives of maximizing the revenues and minimizing the costs depends entirely on the organisation's ability to improve upon the technical excellence by adopting innovative methods and improving the value of the products being offered to the customers. At the same time, adopting innovative techniques of production will lead to the creation of organizational values. It is very essential for a firm to constantly aim at the configuration of its value. "Configuring value means defining, creating, branding and pricing the offer" (Mark, 2004) While, the processes of defining and creating values are the crucial tasks in the success of any business, the processes of branding and pricing can be attempted with ease once a proper value is defined and created. The value configuration is a process by which the firm aims to create and occupy an unforgettable place for its products in the minds of the customers. The value configuration describes the ways by which value is created by the company for its customers and the ways by which such creation of value is exhibited as a reflection on the quality of the firm's products and services. This can be achieved by providing the customers the superior quality of the products or services, backed by the after sales services if required. Most of the firms forget the utility and value of the 'after sales service' as an important tool for gaining the brand loyalty. Thus the process of value creation encompasses managing quality in the entire chain of processes until the stage of the final co mpletion of the production or rendering of a service. To define organizational value is a difficult task, as the term takes different connotations under different circumstances depending on the perspectives to which it relates. It can be said that the best known value configuration is the value chain. While Porter's value chain framework (1985) is generally accepted as the common language for representing and analyzing the logic of firm-level value creation, Mark Gabbot (2004) presents the framework of value as an alternative to the traditional 4Ps approach. Adding value to the services and products in an organization is entrusted to the operations management for evolving suitable operational strategies to achieve higher value for the products and services. An organization may adopt all or any of the following strategies for value creation: Trying out different

Technology management Blog Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Technology management Blog - Essay Example Money has a time value. This means the holder of the money has to make timely considerations when making financial decisions. This is used in our information technology sector. The information technology sector is a business and has to take into considerations the importance of making investment decisions. The time value of money is the fundamental mathematics that revolves around investing and it forms the basis of the financial calculations. Most significantly, it expounds on the concept of compound returns, which is the basic driving force of the investments growth overtime. There are several indicators of the time value of money. They include, net present value, present value, and future value. The present value is the current worth of future sum of money or cash inflows that are attained at a specific rate of return. Future cash flows are discounted at a certain discount rate. This means that the higher the discount rate, the lower the net present value of the future cash flows. The present value of an annuity is the sequence of equivalent payments that are paid at equal time intervals. An example of this is the lease and the rental payments made to house owners. Thirdly, there is the present value of perpetuity. This is an endless and a constant stream of identical cash flows. The last feature of time value of money is the future value. This is the future value of an asset or cash at a specified date that is to occur in the future that should be equal to the value of money at a specified sum now. This includes the future value of an annuity. This is the future value of a sequence of payments known as annuities that assumes the payments are invested at a given rate of interest (ROI). The importance of time value of money is that they provide an insight on the information on the risk of an investment. This helps the investor in being able to assess his business risks that faces him. Secondly, it provides a crude

Managing Profitable Customer Relationship Marketing Essay

Managing Profitable Customer Relationship Marketing Essay According to (Kotler, 2006) marketing is Managing profitable customer relationship, the aim of marketing is to create value for the customer and to capture value in return. Marketing is all about dealing with customers and that is what TESCO plc believes in. Marketing strategy indicates the specific target markets and the types of competitive advantages to be developed (Dibb, Simkin, Pride and Ferrell, 1997). Tesco  plc  is a British international grocery and general merchandising retail chain. It is the largest British retailer  by both global sales and domestic market share. Tescos management places an emphasis on customer needs through Tesco values philosophy, expressed as two values -no one tries harder for customers; treat people how we like to be treated. Marketing business is about how one position their business, in order to satisfy your markets needs. Marketing mix is the collaboration of elements that we use to market our product. There are four Ps in marketing mix; they are Product, Price, Place, and Promotion. Tescos management first understands what their local customers want and what their needs are. On the bases of this, they produce and market their products. Management takes proper care in fixing their product prices, during which they mainly consider their customers satisfaction and then their profits. They make sure that their products sold, and are suitable for their local customer needs before they launch their products. Tesco is very skillful in promoting their products. The promotional offers that they give whenever their new products are launched and their advertisings in papers and magazine will prove this. These four Ps are extended to seven Ps in later stages; the extended Ps include People, Process, and Physical evidence. 2.2 TESCO IN INTERNATIONAL MARKET. International marketing is the process of planning and conducting transactions across nation borders to create exchanges that satisfy the objective of individuals and organizations Tesco operates in 18 countries all over the world. Tescos deep understanding of its customers in each market has led to many small changes in way Tesco operates its loyalty programs in each country. This manifests itself in even the simplest way, with the South Korean version named family card and the China program named member card. In such a manner, Tesco is making the local people of different countries feel much closer to them. The main difference between domestic marketing and international marketing will be that, in international marketing process behavioral aspects of marketing, such as mainly culture, societal, and social circumstances that will be re-flecked, so should be taken in to consideration. Where in domestic marketing these above aspects could mostly ignored. Tesco understands the countries culture, social responsibility and other key factors before it enters in to that country. It will make sure that it is capable of taking the necessary changes pre orderly. 2.3 SWOT ANALYSIS OF TESCO. SWOT analysis is a strategic planning method used to evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats involved in a business venture. Strengths Weaknesses Leading market position Customization of products and services on bases of its local market requirements Low quality products produced in during 2009 in Ireland lease towards its loss of brand name Opportunities Threats New stores in different new regions Enter in to Indian market Growing population of tesco.com Recession effects in 2009 Heavy competition in UK grocery market 2.3.1 TOWS MATRIX TOWS matrix analyses the external environment (threats and opportunities), and internal environment (weakness and strengths). An organization can use this technique to think about the strategy of the whole organization. Strengths. Weaknesses Opportunities SO Brand awareness growing globally WO Innovation and alliances Threats ST Strong financial situation WT M table.1 The above matrix is the tows matrix. This tows matrix is helpful to explain the SWOT analysis more clearly. The below described pie diagram will give the details of the top ten food retailers in United Kingdom in year 2003. Country GROUP SALES ACROSS INTERNATIONAL MARKET (2009) in  £ bn UK 41.5 REST OF EUROPE 10.1 ASIA 7.6 US 0.2 GROUP SALES ACROSS INTERNATIONAL MARKET M Pie chart.1 SOURCE: http://www.investis.com/tesco/pdf/review2009.pdf (2010) 2.4 CULTURE IN TESCO. Understanding the culture in a country or region in which you are doing business is a critical skill for the international businessperson or organization. Without this knowledge, a successful outcome of the business venture can be in jeopardy. Gareth Morgan defines an organizational culture as The set of the beliefs, values, and norms, together with a symbol like dramatized events and personalities, which represent the unique character of an organization, and provide the context for action in it and by it. Tesco trusts that every employees job in the company is to help their customers, however they can and wherever they are needed. They treat their employees with trust and respect, and that is the major reason why so many of their employees are with them for more than 25 years. 2.5 COMPLEXITY ICEDRIPS MODEL. ICEDRIPS model will explain few major aspects of an organization. I Innovations: Tesco has being entering in to new markets every year. Tesco had recently interred in to India. It gives a chance to all their employees to give new ideas so that they can service their customers in a better way. C Competitors: Tesco has a heavy competition in its market. Asda, Sainsbury, and Morrison are the top competitors of Tesco. E Economic: Tescos major backup is its strong economic background. Its group sales in 2009 were  £ 59,426m. It has a very efficient money rotation process. D Demographic COUNTRIES POPULATION LANGUAGE GDP TURNOVER (2009) GDP PER CAPITA (PPP) UNITED KINGDOM 61,113,205 ENGLISH $2.224 trillion $38,191 $35,200 USA 307,212,123 ENGLISH $14.43 trillion $206 $46,400 ASIA 3,879,000,000 MANY $18.511 trillion $7,068 $20,800 EUROPE 731,000,000 ENGLISH $16.18 trillion $8,862 $32,500 R Regulatory: Before entering in to a countrys market, Tesco will first understand all its countrys rules and political influences of the country. I Infrastructure: Tescos management makes sure that they have the best infrastructure which will fulfil all their needs. P Partners: Partners of Tesco are Electra Entertainment, HP S Socio culture: Tesco understands that every different region will have a different culture and is trying to change itself to set in to it. 2.6 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF TESCO. In the World Business council for sustainable development, Lord Holme and Richard Watts (1.1.2000) defined corporate social responsibility, as It is the continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as the local community and society at large. Tescos Corporate Social Responsibility policy objective is to earn the trust or their customers by acting responsibly in the community they serve. Their core purpose of business is to create value for customers to earn their lifetime loyalty. Tescos aims: Is to offer value through competitive prices , high quality food Be helpful through customer service , customer communication To be innovative by their new products development, retail service through technology. As Tesco is a customer based company, which means service is heart of its business. It can provide more new services to its customers such as round the clock service, by setting up more new branches, taking proper care of existing branches which includes frequent checking of products availability, and staff availability, providing more offers and marketing the offers available. 2.7 BOSTON CONSULTING GROUP (BCG) MATRIX OF TESCO. The BCG Growth-share matrix is a portfolio-planning model developed by Bruce Henderson of Boston consulting group in the early 1970s. This matrix is based on the companys business unit and will classify into four categories based on combinations of market growth and market share. Tesco had kept its footprint in Ireland in the year 1998. It was hard for Tesco to reach the Irish customers, as they were extremely sensitive in regard to the foreign brands. Tesco strongly believes and understand that international differences will be taking place. So keeping this in mind, they have taking every small step in such a way that their customers are completely satisfied with their service. Let us consider an example: Tesco understands its customers in such a way that, in many Asian counties customers come in bikes and scooters as they prefer shopping in small quantities. So Tesco had taken steps in providing more bike and scooter parking when compared to car parking. They also take care in their prices, as they understand that they have wide range of competitors around them. 2.8 CHANNEL DECISIONS. According to Warren J. Keegan (1989) Channel decisions is defined as The structure of intercompany organization units and extra company agents and dealers, wholesale and retail, through which a commodity, product, or service is marketed. In this there will be two key elements: internal distribution and external distribution. These utilities are the basic source of competitive advantage and production value so should be considered as the key factor of an organization. How these internal distribution and external distribution are implemented in Tesco is explained below: Internal distribution KEY FACTORS IN TESCO Cost Lost cost brand growth. Strong cash flow position. Control Have in place both finance control (profits targets, capital bids and performance appraisal), and strategic control (overall strategic balance, agreed business plan, optional services and infrastructure). Customer service Customer service center open 24 hrs. Customer based company Motivation( employees) Allowance Friendly team leaders Order handling Outsourced transportation Outsourced External distribution KEY FACTORS IN TESCO Customer characteristics Understands customer requirements globally Nature of product Diverse range of products available Nature of demand Local need are understood Competition Wide range of competitors in different locations ( Asda, Sainsbury, and Morrison) Legal regulations It undergoes all the different regulations which are in all the countries 2.8 PROMOTION. According to Edward W. Cundiff and Marye Tharp Hilger (1988) Promotion is the communication function of marketing. Generally, promotion is communication with the public in an attempt to influence then toward buying your products and /or services. Tesco promotes its products in a wide range. It advertises their products through post, news paper, and television. Tesco understands the local customers interests and behavior and does its promotion such that they reach them. Tesco standardizes its product quality where ever it is. It also standardizes its customer service and its employees behavior towards their customers and also their co employees all over the world. Tesco needs to adopt new services and products, such as considering the local customers their requirements and needs. Tesco need to adopt the nature of providing products with high standards. Tesco believes that marketing is a process thought which they can reach their customers in the right direction and to satisfy their need, service is the only way. And Tesco is successful in most of the situations but it is not completely able to reach its international customers. It does not understand what their international customers as they dont supply all the local need to their customers. Tesco as so believes in marketing but fails in their promotion at some times. Tesco supplies its quality products but fails in some situation, because of which it had to withdraw from France and Taiwan.

Social Criticism in Literature :: A Tale of Two Cities Animal Farm Essays

Social Criticism in Literature Many authors receive their inspiration for writing their literature from outside sources. The idea for a story could come from family, personal experiences, history, or even their own creativity. For authors that choose to write a book based on historical events, the inspiration might come from their particular viewpoint on the event that they want to dramatize. George Orwell and Charles Dickens wrote Animal Farm and A Tale of Two Cities, respectively, to express their disillusionment with society and human nature. Animal Farm, written in 1944, is a book that tells the animal fable of a farm in which the farm animals revolt against their human masters. It is an example of social criticism in literature in which Orwell satirized the events in Russia after the Bolshevik Revolution. He anthropomorphises the animals, and alludes each one to a counterpart in Russian history. A Tale of Two Cities also typifies this kind of literature. Besides the central theme of love, is another prevalent theme, that of a revolution gone bad. He shows us that, unfortunately, human nature causes us to be vengeful and, for some of us, overly ambitious. Both these books are similar in that both describe how, even with the best of intentions, our ambitions get the best of us. Both authors also demonstrate that violence and the Machiavellian attitude of "the ends justifying the means" are deplorable. George Orwell wrote Animal Farm, ". . . to discredit the Soviet system by showing its inhumanity and its back-sliding from ideals [he] valued . . ."(Gardner, 106) Orwell noted that " there exists in England almost no literature of disillusionment with the Soviet Union .' Instead, that country is viewed either with ignorant disapproval' or with uncritical admiration.'"(Gardner, 96) The basic synopsis is this: Old Major, an old boar in Manor Farm, tells the other animals of his dream of "animalism": " . . . Only get rid of Man, and the produce of our labour would be our own. Almost overnight we would become rich and free.'" (Orwell, 10) The other animals take this utopian idea to heart, and one day actually do revolt and drive the humans out. Two pigs emerge as leaders: Napoleon and Snowball. They constantly argued, but one day, due to a difference over plans to build a windmill, Napoleon exiled Snowball. Almost immediately, Napoleon established a totalitarian government. Soon, the pigs began to get special favours, until finally, they were indistinguishable from humans to the other animals. Immediately the reader can begin to draw parallels between the book's characters and the government in 1917-44 Russia. For example, Old Major, who invented Social Criticism in Literature :: A Tale of Two Cities Animal Farm Essays Social Criticism in Literature Many authors receive their inspiration for writing their literature from outside sources. The idea for a story could come from family, personal experiences, history, or even their own creativity. For authors that choose to write a book based on historical events, the inspiration might come from their particular viewpoint on the event that they want to dramatize. George Orwell and Charles Dickens wrote Animal Farm and A Tale of Two Cities, respectively, to express their disillusionment with society and human nature. Animal Farm, written in 1944, is a book that tells the animal fable of a farm in which the farm animals revolt against their human masters. It is an example of social criticism in literature in which Orwell satirized the events in Russia after the Bolshevik Revolution. He anthropomorphises the animals, and alludes each one to a counterpart in Russian history. A Tale of Two Cities also typifies this kind of literature. Besides the central theme of love, is another prevalent theme, that of a revolution gone bad. He shows us that, unfortunately, human nature causes us to be vengeful and, for some of us, overly ambitious. Both these books are similar in that both describe how, even with the best of intentions, our ambitions get the best of us. Both authors also demonstrate that violence and the Machiavellian attitude of "the ends justifying the means" are deplorable. George Orwell wrote Animal Farm, ". . . to discredit the Soviet system by showing its inhumanity and its back-sliding from ideals [he] valued . . ."(Gardner, 106) Orwell noted that " there exists in England almost no literature of disillusionment with the Soviet Union .' Instead, that country is viewed either with ignorant disapproval' or with uncritical admiration.'"(Gardner, 96) The basic synopsis is this: Old Major, an old boar in Manor Farm, tells the other animals of his dream of "animalism": " . . . Only get rid of Man, and the produce of our labour would be our own. Almost overnight we would become rich and free.'" (Orwell, 10) The other animals take this utopian idea to heart, and one day actually do revolt and drive the humans out. Two pigs emerge as leaders: Napoleon and Snowball. They constantly argued, but one day, due to a difference over plans to build a windmill, Napoleon exiled Snowball. Almost immediately, Napoleon established a totalitarian government. Soon, the pigs began to get special favours, until finally, they were indistinguishable from humans to the other animals. Immediately the reader can begin to draw parallels between the book's characters and the government in 1917-44 Russia. For example, Old Major, who invented

The Early English Colonies In America

Early English colonies in America hardly resembled the union of men and women that would later fight against England and build a new country. In fact, until the mid-eighteenth century, most English colonists had very little, if anything to do with the settlers in neighboring colonies. They heard news of Indian wars and other noteworthy events, not from the colony itself, but from England. The colonies in the New World appeared completely different and the prospect of any unity between them seemed impossible. The colonies in New England and the Chesapeake exemplify the many differences in the culture and lifestyles of the settlers, created mainly because of the fact that their founding fathers had held separate intentions when they came to the New World. The New England and Chesapeake colonies were both settled by immigrants from England, the New England colonies being founded by the English from East Anglia, an area in eastern England. Though this was an area thriving with small towns that they had generally liked, they decided to flee England due to religious persecution. Hundreds of families, men, women and their children, came in search of a New World where they could practice their beliefs freely. They founded colonies such as Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island as model Christian societies. Their cities upon the hills were guides, the lanterns, for those lost in the darkness of humanity, as John Winthrop meant by his famous statement. They formed a society of strict religious participation, actually very much resembling their homeland. In the beginning, many called themselves Puritans, and kept things very simple and plain, concentrating on what was important to them. They used the community to achieve their goals, building new towns and enjoying the social aspect of their religion. At the same time, they were committed to remain working hard to keep their community productive. They believed the â€Å"idle hands† were the devil†s workshops. An issue that really defined a split between the societies was the slavery conflict. The northerners in New England held true to their belief that every man shall be equal and no one should be enslaved, while the southerners in the Chesapeake area strongly believed in the use of slavery. At the same time the New Englanders worked to help end slavery by preaching to others about the injustices, they worked diligently to make education in their society strong. Most people in the towns were literate so that they could read their Bibles and study them in detail with their friends and family. Some colonists were artisans or merchants. Others were small-town farmers, making sure that every member of the community had a reasonable share of God†s land. The northern colonies were renowned for being rich in furs, timber and fish. They were especially noted for developing into a very successful trading region. The New England colonies made up the middle class society whose focal points were family, education and religion. The society remained non-capitalistic, yet still buzzed with much activity. On the other hand, the Chesapeake region had a â€Å"cash crop† get rich quickly mentality. This aristocratic region consisted of Virginia and Maryland, two colonies that seemed to be exceedingly materialistic. Evidently, their lives were based more on their liquid assets than on God or family. The Englanders who saw the opportunity to take advantage of the popularity of a brand new crop they had discovered settled the Chesapeake area. These â€Å"gold diggers† were mainly upper-class men of wealthy families aspiring towards coming to the New World to create a large profit for themselves. These colonists were not fleeing England seeking religious or social freedom, but clearly only to add more wealth to their names. Tobacco soon became the primary crop seen growing on almost every one of these wealthy men†s plantations, which created tremendous amounts of money to add to their fortunes. Of course almost every plantation had African slaves working on the land. These colossal estates cam! e to depend on their slaves to run their farms and slavery became a common, yet feared, way of life for many Africans. Unfortunately for these Chesapeake colonies, due to swampy land in much of the area, towns were not part of the landscape or lifestyle as they were in the north. This area was a place of fierce competition with a very minute sense of community, as opposed to the thriving northern colonies surrounded with warm and inviting community towns. The strong focus on family, education or religion was not a main highlight in the lives of Chesapeake colonists, except in Maryland, where the Calvert family did indeed form a haven for Catholics. These two regions of the New England colonies and the Chesapeake colonies did in truth share the common fact that their settlers were all of English origin. Of course when they first set sail, even before they reached the New World, they began to separate into two distinctly different societies already. The clearly evident reason is because these â€Å"pilgrims† came to the New World each pursuing something different. The New England settlers were longing to find a more suitable land of opportunity where they could better their lives and gain religious freedom. They wanted very much to create a society where they could focus on their family, religion and education. Where as the Chesapeake settlers, they were clearly hoping to â€Å"strike gold† in the New World. Many hoped they could improve their social status even more by gaining large profits from growing and selling such items as tobacco. The New England colonists came and made a quite simple society and the Chesapeake colonists created a more aristocratic society. Their society seemed to care more about their wealth and power more than anything, where as the New England society grew to be one with important focus†. These two regions may have shared that same origin and spoken the same English language, but they rarely â€Å"spoke of similar things. † Because of this culture barrier, a separated north and south was created, causing two distinctly different societies to evolve.

Functions of Management Essay

United Health group is a major insurance company that provides medical and mental health coverage to its consumers. The organization manages Medicaid and Medicare accounts as well as commercial accounts from employers. Providing healthcare insurance is a competitive job, therefore, the management of the organization has to use the four functions of management to remain in the competition. The four function of management are planning, organizing, leading and controlling. In this paper, we will discuss the four functions of management and how it relates to the organization. The four functions of management is planning, organizing, leading and, controlling. Planning is for the goals of the organization, planning sets the stage for action and major achievements. Organizing is assembling and coordinating human, financial resources needed to achieve the goals. This could be organizing activities such as grouping jobs into work units, marshaling and allocating resources and creating conditions so that people and things work together to achieve maximum success. Leading is stimulating people to be high performers. Leading can take place in departments, teams as well as divisions. By encouraging high performers, you are increasing their inner moral, making them feel and believe they can complete their goals rather it is individual goals that coincide with the organization’s goals. Another management function is controlling, managers make sure the organization’s resources are being used as planned and that the organization is meeting its goals for quality and safety. The four functions of management have in common is to achieve the goals for the organization. The four functions all work together. There are three different levels in management; top level managers, middle level managers and, front line managers. Top level managers are typically the CEO, COO or CIO. Middle level managers are under the top level managers and, frontline managers are considered operational managers. The top level manager determines and identifies the goals that are needed for the entire organization. Once the CEO has identified the goals and what steps that are  needed to achieve the goal, the information is conveyed to middle management. Middle management takes those goals and determines what’s needed to achieve the goals such as organizing workloads, teams or units. Then convey to frontline managers. Front line management does most of the leading, their more hands on with employees or teams. Front line managers assist with establishing individual goals that will benefit the company and coincide with the company’s goals. Front line managers also use controlling by making sure the e mployees utilize company resources if needed. Also by making sure the company goals are being met. The organization uses all four of the management functions. There have been many cases of increased health issues within call center environments such as; obesity, high blood pressure, depression and anxiety issues. The organization created incentives to make the idea more appealing to the employees. The organization has decided to inspire and motivate their employees to take better care of their health. By creating the goals of decreasing the health issues within the office setting the organization set their stage for action so they could achieve these goals. Now that the goal has been established the organization needs to assemble humans, physical information to coordinate ways to achieve the goals. The organization started providing bonus incentives such has decrease in insurance if you’re passed a bio metric screening. The organization also begin to partner with Weight Watchers providing employee discounts, LA Fitness (discounted membership), provide stress management classes along, with providing ways to exercise in the office. There are different teams within the company with a goal of losing the most weight. The teams encourage one another and provide support during their weight loss journey. All teams support and encourage with the expectations of dropping the weight and defeating the other team. The teams have weekly check-ins where the members have to weigh in, report their meal plans. By utilizing the four functions of management, the organization has been able to lower their premiums for their employees, and increase better health within the organization. The organization identified the issue of health  concerns within the office setting, set the goals of prevention and reduction. With those plans of prevention and reduction the organization was able to organize employees and coordinate ways to achieve the goals. The staff coordinated and provided information to their employees to educate and prevent. The leaders promoted the resources and encouraged those to be active and participate in all the resources the organization has to offer. Reference Page: Bateman Thomas S., Snell Scott A. 8th edition, 2009 McGraw-Management: Leading and Collaborating in a Competitive World, Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. Sedentary jobs helping to drive obesity epidemic. (2011). Retrieved from http:// health.usnews.com/health-news/diet-fitness/fitness/articles/2011/05/26/sedentary-jobs-helping-to-drive-obesity-epidemic.